See efnian on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "even"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "even"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "evin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "evenen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ebnōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ebnōn"
],
[
"*ebnōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnōną"
],
[
"*ebnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnaz"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*ebnōn",
"id": "to even"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(h₁)ém-no-\", \"gloss\" : \"equal, straight; flat, level, even\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁émnos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\", \"pos\" : \"factitive suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"efnian\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-id=\"to even\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"efnian\" id=\"Old_English:_to_even\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ebnōn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ebnōn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ebnōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make level, make even"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ebnōną (“to make level, make even”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*ebnōn",
"id": "to even"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnōną (“to make level, make even”), from *ebnaz (“even”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "efnian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "efnienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġe",
"links": [
[
"efniġe",
"efnige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "efniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġe",
"links": [
[
"efniġe",
"efnige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġen",
"links": [
[
"efniġen",
"efnigen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "efna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeefnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "efnan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "efnian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "efnian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 8 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 15 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to throw down; prostrate; level; lay low; bring to a level with"
],
"id": "en-efnian-ang-verb-MFEnPn1u",
"links": [
[
"prostrate",
"prostrate"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make even; level"
],
"id": "en-efnian-ang-verb-nIFbtWo7"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 8 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to liken; compare"
],
"id": "en-efnian-ang-verb-94~iucBs",
"links": [
[
"liken",
"liken"
],
[
"compare",
"compare"
]
]
}
],
"word": "efnian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with etymon",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "even"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "even"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ein"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "evin"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "evenen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ebnōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ebnōn"
],
[
"*ebnōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnōną"
],
[
"*ebnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnaz"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*ebnōn",
"id": "to even"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(h₁)ém-no-\", \"gloss\" : \"equal, straight; flat, level, even\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁émnos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\", \"pos\" : \"factitive suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ebnōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"efnian\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-id=\"to even\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"efnian\" id=\"Old_English:_to_even\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ebnōn",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*ebnōn"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ebnōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to make level, make even"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ebnōną (“to make level, make even”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*ebnōn",
"id": "to even"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebnōn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnōną (“to make level, make even”), from *ebnaz (“even”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "efnian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "efnienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġe",
"links": [
[
"efniġe",
"efnige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "efniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġe",
"links": [
[
"efniġe",
"efnige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efniġen",
"links": [
[
"efniġen",
"efnigen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "efna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "efniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "efnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeefnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "efnan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "efnian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "efnian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to throw down; prostrate; level; lay low; bring to a level with"
],
"links": [
[
"prostrate",
"prostrate"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make even; level"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to liken; compare"
],
"links": [
[
"liken",
"liken"
],
[
"compare",
"compare"
]
]
}
],
"word": "efnian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for efnian meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.